CentOS8 安装 oracle 19c 教程

LINUX 8.0 上安装 Oracle 19.3.0（文内有快速配置安装脚本）

安装oracle

[root@oracle ~]# uname -a
Linux oracle 5.15.0-200.131.27.el8uek.x86_64 #2 SMP Wed Oct 4 22:19:10 PDT 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/oracle-release
Oracle Linux Server release 8.9

1.配置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname oracle
echo "192.168.100.50 oracle" >>/etc/hosts

2.关闭SELINUX和防火墙

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl stop firewalld

3.安装JAVA

tar -zxvf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

#添加JDK环境变量
cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
#JAVA
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
EOF

source /etc/profile

4.配置YUM源

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo<<EOF
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///mnt/AppStream
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
yum makecache

5.安装软件包

yum install bc binutils compat-openssl10 elfutils-libelf glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libXrender libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc libnsl libstdc++ libxcb libibverbs make policycoreutils policycoreutils-python-utils smartmontools sysstat -y

6.创建用户、参数配置

#create user
/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd oper
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
 
#change system parameter 
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "#oracle" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "vm.swappiness = 10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax= $(free|grep Mem |awk '{print int($2*1024*0.85)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall = $(free|grep Mem |awk '{print int(($2*1024*0.85)/4096)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "vm.nr_hugepages = $(free -m|grep Mem |awk '{print int(($2*0.8*0.8)/2)}')" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
free -m
sysctl -p
echo "#oracle" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft memlock $(free |grep Mem|awk '{print int($2*0.90*1024)}')" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard memlock $(free |grep Mem|awk '{print int($2*0.90*1024)}')" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
#add oracle profile
cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -u 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi
EOF

7.禁用Transparent HugePages

cd /etc/default/
cp grub grub.bak

修改grub文件内容

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/ol-swap rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet"

改为

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/ol-swap rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"

此处有差异

On BIOS-based machines（安装系统时使用传统 BIOS 的改法）:

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

On UEFI-based machines（安装系统时使用UEFI-BIOS时的改法）:

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg

生成之后，重启服务器再检查

[root@oracle ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
[always] madvise never
[root@oracle ~]# cd /etc/default/
[root@oracle default]# cp grub grub.bak
[root@oracle default]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/ol-swap rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true
[root@oracle default]# vi /etc/default/grub
[root@oracle default]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto resume=/dev/mapper/ol-swap rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
GRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true
[root@oracle default]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                1.8G  8.5M  1.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/ol-root   69G  9.8G   56G  15% /
/dev/sda1            974M  247M  660M  28% /boot
/dev/mapper/ol-u01   113G  6.5G  107G   6% /u01
tmpfs                362M     0  362M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0              13G   13G     0 100% /mnt

[root@oracle default]#  grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
done
[root@oracle default]#reboot
--重连后再确认
[root@oracle ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]

8.创建目录，上传软件并解压

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/

9.配置用户环境变量

cat >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile <<EOF
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OL7
umask=022
EOF

10.创建静默安装文件

cat >> /soft/db_install.rsp <<EOF
#软件版本信息
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#安装选项-仅安装数据库软件
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#主机名称
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
#oracle用户用于安装软件的组名
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#oracle产品清单目录
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
#oracle运行语言环境，英文和简体中文
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
#oracle安装目录
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
#oracle基础目录
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
#安装版本类型：企业版
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#不手动指定企业安装组件
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
#当EEOptionsSelection=false时，该参数不用填写
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=
#指定拥有DBA组
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#指定oper用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper
#不配置安全更新
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#跳过更新
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
EOF

11.创建oraInst.loc文件

以下以root用户执行

cat >> /etc/oraInst.loc <<EOF
inventory_loc=/u01/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
EOF
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

12.开始安装

采用静默安装

su - oracle
cd /soft/database
./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /soft/db_install.rsp

以下显示过程

[oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile /soft/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 57825 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 16379 MB    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2024-01-05_08-08-56PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracle database]$
[oracle@oracle database]$
[oracle@oracle database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
 /u01/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2024-01-05_08-08-56PM.log
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/u01/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2024-01-05_08-08-56PM.log' for more details.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
        1. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh


Successfully Setup Software.

之所以不选择图形安装，是因为这个安装过程中会报好多错误需要你手动点，这可能会劝退很多小伙伴

其实看了官方文档，多数是己知BUG，安装的过程中只能忽略，安装完再打补丁修复

13.参考

MOS:Release Schedule of Current Database Releases (Doc ID 742060.1)
MOS:Requirements for Installing Oracle Database/Client 11.2.0.4 on OL8 or RHEL8 64-bit (x86-64) (Doc ID 2988626.1)
MOS:11.2:Oracle database software installation failed with "Error in invoking target 'links proc gen_pcscfg' of makefile .. ins_precomp.mk" on RHEL 8 (Doc ID 2915371.1)
官方文档:
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/relnotes.112/e23558/toc.htm#CHDIFAIB
董大威的安装文档:
https://www.modb.pro/db/1719017198252531712#font_size31_508